1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CVSS v3 9.8 ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity Vendor: Hitachi Energy Equipment: Modular Switchgear Monitoring (MSM) Vulnerabilities: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay, Code Injection, Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer, NULL Pointer Dereference, Insufficient Entropy 2. RISK EVALUATION Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to obtain user access credentials of the MSM web interface or cause a denial-of-service condition. 3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS The following Hitachi Energy products are affected: MSM: 2.2.5 and earlier 3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW 3.2.1 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF EXCESSIVE AUTHENTICATION ATTEMPTS CWE-307 The code that performs password matching when using ‘basic’ HTTP authentication does not use a constant-time memcmp and has no rate-limiting. An unauthenticated network attacker could brute-force the HTTP basic password byte-by-byte, by recording the webserver’s response time until the unauthorized (401) response. CVE-2021-43298 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ). 3.2.2 AUTHENTICATION BYPASS BY CAPTURE-REPLAY CWE-294 The HTTP digest authentication in the GoAhead web server before 5.1.2 does not completely protect against replay attacks. An unauthenticated remote attacker could bypass authentication via capture-replay if TLS is not used to protect the underlying communication channel. CVE-2020-15688 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ). 3.2.3 IMPROPER CONTROL OF GENERATION OF CODE (‘CODE INJECTION’) CWE-94 An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead 2.5.0. Certain pages (ex: goform/login and config/log_off_page.htm) create links containing a hostname obtained from an arbitrary HTTP host header sent by an attacker. This could potentially be used in a phishing attack. CVE-2019-16645 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N ). 3.2.4 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER CWE-119 In http.c in Embedthis GoAhead before 4.1.1 and 5.x before 5.0.1, a header parsing vulnerability causes a memory assertion, out-of-bounds memory reference, and a potential denial-of-service condition, as demonstrated by a single colon on a line. CVE-2019-12822 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.5 NULL POINTER DEREFERENCE CWE-476 An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead before 4.0.1 and Appweb before 7.0.2. The server mishandles HTTP request fields associated with time, which results in a NULL pointer dereference, as demonstrated by If-Modified-Since or If-Unmodified-Since with a month greater than 11. CVE-2018-15504 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.6 NULL POINTER DEREFERENCE CWE-476 An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead before 4.0.1 and Appweb before 7.0.2. An HTTP POST request with a specially crafted “host” header field may cause a NULL pointer dereference resulting in a denial-of-service condition, as demonstrated by the lack of a trailing ‘]’ character in an IPv6 address. CVE-2018-15505 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H ). 3.2.7 INSUFFICIENT ENTROPY CWE-331 Websda.c in GoAhead WebServer 2.1.8 has insufficient nonce entropy due to the nonce calculation relying on the hardcoded onceuponatimeinparadise value, which does not follow the secret-data guideline for HTTP digest access authentication in RFC 7616 section 3.3 (or RFC 2617 section 3.2.1). Note: 2.1.8 is a version from 2003; however, the affected websda.c code appears in derivative works that may be used in 2021. Recent GoAhead software is unaffected. CVE-2021-41615 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ). 3.2.8 INSUFFICIENT ENTROPY CWE-331 An allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability exists in curl

May 9, 2023Elle CeeDee

Cybersecurity
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CVSS v3 9.8

ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity

Vendor: Hitachi Energy

Equipment: Modular Switchgear Monitoring (MSM)

Vulnerabilities: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay, Code Injection, Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer, NULL Pointer Dereference, Insufficient Entropy

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to obtain user access credentials of the MSM web interface or cause a denial-of-service condition.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Hitachi Energy products are affected:

MSM: 2.2.5 and earlier

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF EXCESSIVE AUTHENTICATION ATTEMPTS CWE-307

The code that performs password matching when using ‘basic’ HTTP authentication does not use a constant-time memcmp and has no rate-limiting. An unauthenticated network attacker could brute-force the HTTP basic password byte-by-byte, by recording the webserver’s response time until the unauthorized (401) response.

CVE-2021-43298 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ).

3.2.2 AUTHENTICATION BYPASS BY CAPTURE-REPLAY CWE-294

The HTTP digest authentication in the GoAhead web server before 5.1.2 does not completely protect against replay attacks. An unauthenticated remote attacker could bypass authentication via capture-replay if TLS is not used to protect the underlying communication channel.

CVE-2020-15688 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ).

3.2.3 IMPROPER CONTROL OF GENERATION OF CODE (‘CODE INJECTION’) CWE-94

An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead 2.5.0. Certain pages (ex: goform/login and config/log_off_page.htm) create links containing a hostname obtained from an arbitrary HTTP host header sent by an attacker. This could potentially be used in a phishing attack.

CVE-2019-16645 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N ).

3.2.4 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER CWE-119

In http.c in Embedthis GoAhead before 4.1.1 and 5.x before 5.0.1, a header parsing vulnerability causes a memory assertion, out-of-bounds memory reference, and a potential denial-of-service condition, as demonstrated by a single colon on a line.

CVE-2019-12822 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H ).

3.2.5 NULL POINTER DEREFERENCE CWE-476

An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead before 4.0.1 and Appweb before 7.0.2. The server mishandles HTTP request fields associated with time, which results in a NULL pointer dereference, as demonstrated by If-Modified-Since or If-Unmodified-Since with a month greater than 11.

CVE-2018-15504 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H ).

3.2.6 NULL POINTER DEREFERENCE CWE-476

An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead before 4.0.1 and Appweb before 7.0.2. An HTTP POST request with a specially crafted “host” header field may cause a NULL pointer dereference resulting in a denial-of-service condition, as demonstrated by the lack of a trailing ‘]’ character in an IPv6 address.

CVE-2018-15505 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H ).

3.2.7 INSUFFICIENT ENTROPY CWE-331

Websda.c in GoAhead WebServer 2.1.8 has insufficient nonce entropy due to the nonce calculation relying on the hardcoded onceuponatimeinparadise value, which does not follow the secret-data guideline for HTTP digest access authentication in RFC 7616 section 3.3 (or RFC 2617 section 3.2.1).

Note: 2.1.8 is a version from 2003; however, the affected websda.c code appears in derivative works that may be used in 2021. Recent GoAhead software is unaffected.

CVE-2021-41615 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ).

3.2.8 INSUFFICIENT ENTROPY CWE-331

An allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability exists in curl

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